Outcomes following surgical management of cervical chordoma: A review of published case reports and case series

AIM This review aimed to summarize the clinical outcomes in relation to tumor resection margins of cervical chordomas. METHODS Studies that described any surgical intervention for cervical chordoma were identified. Cervical chordomas with cranial or spinal extension, purely retropharyngeal chordomas or where resection type was not reported, were excluded from the study. RESULTS Seventy-six articles were obtained and these reported a total of 195 patients. Seventy-six percent cervical chordoma patients had intralesional resection with adjuvant radiotherapy. Ninety-two percent chordoma recurrences and all chordoma metastases occurred in patients with intralesional resection. En bloc surgeries were longer (900 min vs. 619 min) and staged surgeries. Intralesional surgeries (2899 ml vs. 2661 ml) had greater intraoperative blood loss. Vertebral artery and nerve root sacrifice were greater in en bloc patients (35%, 39%) compared to intralesional patients (17%, 10%). Postoperative complications were more common in en bloc (54%) than in intralesional patients (11%). CONCLUSIONS En bloc resection cervical chordomas are associated with less recurrence and no metastasis compared to intralesional resection. En bloc is possible through wide exposure of the vertebrae via a multidisciplinary team approach and utilization of particular surgical equipment. The higher rate of complications associated with en bloc surgeries may be acceptable, particularly when there is a chance of cure of disease.